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NDT Plus Advance Access originally published online on July 16, 2009
NDT Plus 2009 2(5):339-346; doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfp085
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

A review of drug-induced hypernatraemia

George Liamis, Haralampos J. Milionis and Moses Elisaf

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

Correspondence: Correspondence and offprint requests to: Moses Elisaf; E-mail: egepi{at}cc.uoi.gr


  Abstract

Drug-induced electrolyte abnormalities have been increasingly reported and may be associated with considerable morbidity and/or mortality. In clinical practice, hypernatraemia (serum sodium higher than 145 mmol/L) is usually of multifactorial aetiology and drug therapy not infrequently is disregarded as a contributing factor for increased serum sodium concentration. Strategies to prevent this adverse drug effect involve careful consideration of risk factors and clinical and laboratory evaluation in the course of treatment. Herein, we review evidence-based information via PubMed and EMBASE and the relevant literature implicating pharmacologic treatment as an established cause of hypernatraemia and discuss its incidence and the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Key Words: adverse drug reaction • diabetes insipidus • hypernatraemia • sodium homeostasis

Received for publication February 8, 2009. Accepted for publication June 23, 2009.


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