NDT Plus Advance Access originally published online on January 30, 2009
NDT Plus 2009 2(2):111-118; doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfp001
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Pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease
1 Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar
2 Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles
3 Mercy General Hospital, Sacramento
4 Cardiology Division, Good Samaritan Hospital/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles
5 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Correspondence: Correspondence and offprint requests to: Phuong-Chi T. Pham, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, 14445 Olive View Drive, 2B-182, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA. Tel: +1-818-364-3205; Fax: +1-818-364-4573; E-mail: pham.pc{at}ucla.edu
| Abstract |
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Pain has been reported to be a common problem in the general population and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Although similar data for pre-ESRD patients are lacking, we recently reported that the prevalence of pain is also very high (>70%) among pre-ESRD patients at a Los Angeles County tertiary referral centre. The high prevalence of pain in the CKD population is particularly concerning because pain has been shown to be associated with poor quality of life. Of greater concern, poor quality of life, at least in dialysis patients, has been shown to be associated with poor survival. We herein discuss the pathophysiology of common pain conditions, review a commonly accepted approach to the management of pain in the general population, and discuss analgesic-induced renal complications and therapeutic issues specific for patients with reduced renal function.
Key Words: analgesics chronic kidney disease NSAIDS opioids pain
Received for publication April 15, 2008. Accepted for publication December 31, 2008.